Brick



J. E. EVANS.

BRICK.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 26.1922. 1,434,378 Patented Nov. 7, 1922.

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. wherein Original JOHN EO'WARD EVANS, OF GHCAGO, ILLINIS.

application filed November 23, 1921, S

BRCK.

To a!! /wtmn/ fnzfiy/ concern lie it known that l, donn lil. Evans, a citizen oi the United States, residing cago, in the county oi 5 Illinois, have invented at Chi- Cook and State of a certain nenT and useful Erick7 oi? which the following is a speciiication.

rihis invention relates to bricks and has particular reference to the provision or an improved form of facing brick or to a skeleton trame struced to be applied tile adaptture in buildings7 and which are arranged when placed together in a structure upon a sustaining inner Wall to interlock in such a substantially moisturevway as to produce a prooi snug fitting ou ter Wall, avoiding the `formation of bulges or creviies and loose lapping,

to Which serious practical objections certain bricks o'l this kind produced in the past Were particularly subject.

@ne oit the principal objects of the invention is to provide right angular corner bricks to be used for the purpose have lapping portions and adapted to be astene a wedging action oc tween contiguous bric curs ks in the structure reprovision oi substansulting not only in the tially moisture-proof joints, but furthermore, in a certain degree of inward movement of the unattached free edge ot the brick toward the inner Wall as a result ot the special coiiitorinatio not described which matching edges d in such a Way 'that at the joints bethe brick, thereby making the brick particularly advantageous Jor use in the facing oit the corners of buildings particularly and also piers and columns generally.

A further object of in the provision ot a novel means for securing accurate alinement oi the bricks and for insuring secure bonding thereof.

rihese and other objects the invention resiecs and a dv anta oi` the invention .vill be pointed out more it'ully in the 'following description.

lin the description re'teience is made to the accompanying drawing illustrating the invention,

Figure 1 is a `front elevation of one tace of the brick presented in one ot two adjoining Walls at the Fig. Q is :i presented in Fig. 3 is a vieiv looking at one end ot t similar vi corner eiv ot the other tace the other oi the adjoining Walls.

ot a building.

' brick disclosing the relative proportioninent and conformation ot the brick.

l is a ei'al No. 517,159. Divided and this application filed .Tune

Serial No. 570,836.

plan AView o't Fig. l, and Fig. 5 is a Vli'ag- 55 mentary sectional detail oit a joint between tivo superimposet bricks in a structure showing the means employed lor eiiecting alinement and bonding ot' the courses at the corners ot the structure.

Throughout the views the same reference numerals are applied to the same parts.

This application is a division of my copending application serial No. 517,159l iiled Wovember 23, 1921. B5

The bricks are preferably made of concrete or similar material and in sizes such that they may be handled conveniently bv a Workman or at least by tivo Workni Ai Workingtogether, yand comprise a body portion having a comparatively heavy face slab portion 10 and a back slab portion 11 made integral therewith in the form of a rightangle presenting a portion 12 in one o't tivo adjoining Walls at the corner of a building and another portion 13 similar in appearance in the other oi the adjoining Walls at the corner o't the building. The back slab portion 11 is diagonally oset with respect to the face slab portion as appears perhaps best in Figs. 1 and 2 so that continuous longitudinal flanges 14 and 14a are provided on two adjoining sides extending substantially trom end to end of the brick along the inner edge of the converging portions 12 and 13 and along one end oi? the portion 13 as shown in Fig. 2. 0n the oppositeadjoining sides o the brick are longitudinal recesses or rabbets 15 and 15". The recesses 15 of the bricks are adapted to receive the flanges let of other bricks disposed in superimposed contingous relation therewith in a structure. rll`he bricks when thus correlated at the corner oit an outer Wall on a skeleton irame structure7 which comprises the sustaining inner Wall, lie ilush with one another both on the back presented to the inner Wall and on the face ot both et the adjoining Walls. The anges 11i and the recesses 15 are adapted similarly to interlock ly being juxtaposed to other bricks in the Wall as indicated in dotted lines in Fig. et, thebricks shown in dotted lines being either plain bricks of the type disclosed in my copeiiding application aforementioned, or corner bricks of the right angular form herein disclosed, Where the bricks are utilized in the facing of piers or columns and the like, The face,

portion 10 is formed with criss-cross half round grooves 1.6 in the 'faces of the portions 12 and 1.3, and along the forward peripheral edges, as at 17, has quarter round grooves which, with the criss-crossl grooves, serve as ornamentation and to simulate courses of standard bricks.

ledge-shaped longitudinal tongues or ribs 18 and 18a are formed on the periphery of the face portion 10 on both of the converging portions 12 and 13` on two adjoining sides of the brick and extend continuously substantially trom end to ond along the top of the brick and down one end of the portion 13 as shown in Fig. 2. 0n the opposite adjoining sides are provided continuous longitudinal grooves or channels 1.9 and 19. The grooves 1.9 of the bricks are adapted to receive the tongues 18 of other bricks arranged in superimposed contiguous relation therewith in a structure. The purpose of having these tongues and grooves wedge-shaped is to produce a wedging action to bind the bricks together at the joints between contiguous bricks which, with the binder of mortar ordinarily spread in between the bricks, will tendto compensate for slight variations in the bricks arising in the manufacture thereof and will make for substantially moisture sealing joints, which of course serve the paramount purpose of shielding` against. the weather. A further purpose in this provision is to insure that contiguous bricks will stay in alinement under all circumstances and at least provide a continuous wall uninterrupted by crevices or openings which, besides being unsightly, are highly undesirable since they afford access to the inside of the wall for moisture which if' admitted results in dampness in the building and consequent rotting or disintegration not only of the facing bricks themselves but of the substructure or inner sustaining wall. One .of the principal objects, however, in jn'oviding this construction is that the lower end of the brick in each f the converging portions of the brick, which as will later appear has no other means of attachment besides the bond of. mortar ret'erred to will, due to the wedging action, be urged inwardly snugly against the inner wall. The action in each of the converging portions of: the brick is similar anc, causes the brick to lie close against the corner of `the inner sustaining wall so that bulging and loose lapping ol the bricks is avoided.

llVhere a considerable number ot courses of facing bricks are laid a certain amount of: misalinement is apt to occur usually because of' irregularities in the inner sus aining wall'. rllhis is perhaps most noticeable at the corners of the building where the irregularities in'ost frequently arise in lthe junction' oi the adjoining walls. li here found it desirable to provide in connection with the corner bricks dowel pins or nails or other suitable means such as that shown at 20 which may be interposed between the superimposed bricks. These pins are entered in sockets 21 provided in the bottom and top of the bricks at the junction of the converging portions thereof. Each of the sockets is arranged in register with another socket in another brick ydisposed in superimposed contiguous relation in the structure in the manner shown in Fig. 5 so that each of the sockets receives a portion of the pin. Some of the mortar spread between the bricks entering the sockets as shown at 22 serves as a bond between the bricks and seals the pin securely in place. The sockets 2l may be countersunk as at 23 in order that a generous supply of mortar may enter the Sockets. `With the pins in place the corner bricks are insured of proper alinement as respects the converging portions in the two adjoining walls so that the corner brick will line up and match properly with the bricks juxtaposed in both walls.

rI he bricks are held to the sustaining inner wall or skeleton frame structure preferably by means of nails or other fastenings which are driven through the flanges of the bricks into the studding or other uprights comprised in the inner wall. For this purpose the bricks have holes 24 in the flange ltin each of the converging portions of the brick extending through the flange diagonally ydownwardly from the base of the flange in the general direction 4of the lower side of the brick remote from the flange substantially as shown in Fig. Each of these holes receiving the nails or other fastenings may be countersunk as shown at 25 to admit the heads of the nails which preferably are driven home into the studding and properly set to fasten each brick securely. By countersinking the holes there is avoided the formation of obstructions to the entering edge of the face portion of the superimposed bricks.

The action resulting from the bricks being fastened in the manner provided for will perhaps be best understood by reference to Fig. 3. lt will be assumed for the purpose ol illustration that the brick shown in F ig. 3 is to be superimposed. upon another brick similar in conformation to this brick. The other brick may be one forming a part of a continuous structiue or may bc in the first and lowermost course of bricks et pret'- erably upon a sill or a concrete oundatioir Assumingv that the brick illustrated in 3 is being superimposed upon another brick of a similar conformatiomthe brick is placed in position so that the flange 1.4 of the lower brick enters the recess 15 of the brick being' laid. The brick may l that the tongue 18 of the lower brick is rebe tamped lightl f, so

L4M-STB Q* ceivelil in the groove lf) of, the brick being at two adjoining walls of a structure`r a laid, lhcreupon nails will be entered in each of the holes let and driven either simultaneously or separately into the studding of the inner sustaining wall. Being driven diagonally downwardly the nail exerts a downward and inward pressure upon the brick on each of the converging portions rcsulting in wedging action at the lower odge o'l the brick as a result ot the coaction between the wedge-shaped tongue 1S and thc groove 19. As a further consequence ot driving the nails diagonally downwardly producing the wedging action referred to, the lower unattached edge otthe brick urged inwardly noticeably toward the inner sustaining wall thus preventing the torination ot' bulges and loose lapping. rlhe tendency toward inward movement may be described as acting in line with each oit the adjoining walls ot the structure, that is, the action of the tongue and groove of one ot the converging portions oi" the brick urges that portion inwardly toward the one adjoining wall in a line parallel with the other adjoining wall, and in a similar manner, the other converging portion is urged inwardly toward the last mentioned of the adjoining walls in a line parallel with the irst mentioned adjoining wall. Furthermore, as a consequence of the use ol' the dowel pins there is avoided to a certain degree misalinenient which would otherwise result 'from one of the converging portions ot the brick being nailed tighter than the other, since the superimposed bricks are held quite i'irmly in aligned and matched relation by the d owel pins.

l claim as my invention:

l. A brick of the character desc ibed comprising converging portions tor the corner at two adjoining walls ot a structure.` a liange provided on an inner peripheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially 'from end to end of said brick, and a recess formed in the opposite inner peripheral edge ot said converging portions extending substantially 'from end to end of said brick and adapted to receive the aforementioned Aflange of another contiguous brick when arranged in superimposed relation therewith in a structure, a groove formed in the periphery oit said brick extending substantially from one end to the other of one side thereof, and a wedging tongue toi-med on the periphery or said brick extending substantially from one end to the other on the opposite side thereof adapted to be received in interitting wedging relation in the aforementioned groove in another contiguous brick when arranged in superimposed relation therewith in a structure.

2. A brick of the character described comprising converging portions for the corner flange provided on an inner peripheral. edge ot said converging portions extending continuously from end to end of said brick, a recess formed in the opposite inner peripheral edge ot said converging portions cxtending. continuously 'from end to end of said brick adapted to receive the aforementioned continuous llange of another brick when arranged in superimposed contiguous relation therewith in a structure, a groove. 'formed in the periphery o' said brick extending continuously lroin end to end on one side thereof, a wedging tongue formed on the periphery of said brick extending continuously from one end to the. other on the opposite side thereof adapted to be received in interfitting wedging relation in the aforementioned groove in another brick when arranged in superimposed contiguous relation'therewith in a structure, said continuous flange being provided with openings in each of the converging portions of said brick 'for nails or other fastenings extending through said anges diagonally in the general direction of the side of the brick remote from said flange to secure the brick in a structure.

3. A brick of the character described comprising converging portions Jr'or the corner at two adjoining walls lof a structure, a iange provided on an inner peripheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially from end to end of said brick, a recess formed in the opposite inner peripheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially from end to end of said brick and adapted to receive the aforementioned flange of another brick when arranged in superimposed contiguous relation 105 therewith in a structure, said bricks being provided with sockets at the junction of said converging portions in the top and bottom thereof adapted each to register with similar sockets of other bricks when arranged in superimposed contiguous relation therewith in a structure whereby to receive in union therewith bonding and aligning means.

4:. A brick of the character described comil@ prising converging portions for the corner at two adjoining walls of a. structure, a flange provided on an inner peripheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially from end to end of said brick, a 12o recess of similar proportions to said flange formed in the oppos'te inner peripheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially from end to end oi' said brick and adapted to receive the aforementioned 312e flange of another brick when arranged in superimposed contiguous relation therewith in a structure, said flange being provided with openings in each of said converging portions of said brick for nails or other te@ in a structure, said flange fasteninge extending through said flange diagonally in the general direction of the side of said brick remote from said flange.

5. brick of the character described comprising converging portions for the corner at two adjoining walls of a structure` a -flange provided on an innerperipheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially from ond to end of said brick, a recess of similar proportions to said flange formed in the opposite inner peripheral edge of said converging portions extending substantially from end toend of said brick and adapted to .receive the aforementioned flange of another brick wheny arranged in superimposed contiguous relation therewith having openings therein in each of said converging portions of said brick for nails' or other fastenings extending through said flange diagonally in the generaldirection of the side oii'said brick remote from said lange, said brick being provided with sockets at the junction or said converging portions on the top and bottom thereof adapted each to register with another socket of another brick when arranged in superimposed contiguous relation therewith ina structure whereby to receive in union therewith bonding and aligning means. i

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto alixed my signature. f

JOHN EDWARD EVANS. 

